Asarylaldehyde (Asaronaldehyde), a COX-2 inhibitor, significantly inhibits cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) activity with an IC₅₀ value of 100 μg/mL^[1].

Asarylaldehyde (2,4,5-TMBA) is a natural COX-2 inhibitor, which isolated from carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds significantly inhibits cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) activity at the concentration of 100 μg/mL compared to three commercial nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Aspinin, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen at their IC₅₀ values 180, 2.52, and 2.06 μg/mL, respectively. 2,4,5-TMBA, a natural inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, suppresses adipogenesis and oromotes lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde (2,4,5-TMBA) present in plant roots, seeds, and leaves is reported to be a significant inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. Because COX-2 is associated with differentiation of preadipocytes, the murine 3T3-L1 cells are cultured with 100 μg/mL of 2,4,5-TMBA during differentiation and after the cells are fully differentiated to study the effect of 2,4,5-TMBA on adipogenesis and lipolysis. Oil Red O staining and triglyceride assay revealed that 2,4,5-TMBA inhibited the formation of lipid droplets during differentiation; moreover, 2,4,5-TMBA down-regulated the protein levels of adipogenic signaling molecules and transcription factors MAP kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α, β, and δ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1), and the rate-limiting enzyme for lipid synthesis acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In fully differentiated adipocytes, treatment with 2,4,5-TMBA for 72 h significantly decreased lipid accumulation by increasing the hydrolysis of triglyceride through suppression of perilipin A (lipid droplet coating protein) and up-regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). When treated with 100 μg/mL of 2,4,5-TMBA for 24, 48, or 72 h, the viability of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes is decreased by 8.35, 15.54, and 27.26%, respectively. When the preadiocytes are treated with 100 μg/mL of 2,4,5-TMBA for 24 h before differentiation medium is supplemented, the cell viability is decreased by 26.46%^[1]. A COX-2 inhibitor 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMBA) is found to be the most abundant constituent, but is totally absent in its cultured broth and its natural host, C. kanehirae wood. 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMBA) is the major constituent in fruiting bodies^[2].

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

196.20

C₁₀H₁₂O₄

4460-86-0

固体

White to off-white

细辛醛；2,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛

• Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids

• 植物
• 天南星科
• 石菖蒲

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)

DMSO 中的溶解度 : 100 mg/mL (509.68 mM; 超声助溶; 吸湿的 DMSO 对产品的溶解度有显著影响，请使用新开封的 DMSO)

Ethanol 中的溶解度 : 50 mg/mL (254.84 mM; 超声助溶)

H₂O 中的溶解度 : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)。-80°C储存时，请在6个月内使用，-20°C储存时，请在1个月内使用。

• 方案 一

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% EtOH    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

  Solubility: ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (19.11 mM); 澄清溶液

  此方案可获得 ≥ 3.75 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 37.5 mg/mL 的澄清 EtOH 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；再向上述体系中加入 50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后再继续加入 450 μL 生理盐水 定容至 1 mL。

  生理盐水的配制：将 0.9 g 氯化钠，溶解于 ddH₂O 并定容至 100 mL，可以得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液。

• 方案 二

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% EtOH    90% Corn Oil

  Solubility: ≥ 3.75 mg/mL (19.11 mM); 澄清溶液

  此方案可获得 ≥ 3.75 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液，此方案实验周期在半个月以上的动物实验酌情使用。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 37.5 mg/mL 的澄清 EtOH 储备液加到 900 μL 玉米油中，混合均匀。

• 方案 三

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.74 mM); 澄清溶液

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；再向上述体系中加入 50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后再继续加入 450 μL 生理盐水 定容至 1 mL。

  生理盐水的配制：将 0.9 g 氯化钠，溶解于 ddH₂O 并定容至 100 mL，可以得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液。

• 方案 四

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.74 mM); 澄清溶液

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液，此方案实验周期在半个月以上的动物实验酌情使用。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Wu MR, et al. 2,4,5-TMBA, a natural inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, suppresses adipogenesis and promotes lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Jul 25;60(29):7262-9.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Chen CC, et al. Production of a COX-2 inhibitor, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, with submerged cultured Antrodia camphorata. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2007 Apr;44(4):387-92.  [Content Brief]

3T3-L1 preadipocytes are seeded into 6-well plates at a concentration of 10⁵/well and cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% bovine calf serum at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂. Two days after confluence, cells are cultured in FBS-containing DMEM (10%, v/v) with the addition of adipogenic factors (0.5 mM IBMX, 1 μM DEX, 5 μg/mL insulin) to induce differentiation (Day 0). Two days later (Day 2), the medium is changed to DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 5 μg/mL insulin for another two days. Afterward (Day 4), the medium is changed to DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS only. For the coculture study, 2,4,5-TMBA (0.1 g dissolved in 2 mL of DMSO) is added to the medium from Day 0 to Day 8 (final concentration 100 μg/mL). Control samples are prepared by adding isovolumetric DMSO to the culture medium. For the postculture study, 2,4,5-TMBA is added to the medium on Day 8 (when the cells are fully differentiated) at a final concentration of 100 μg/mL, followed by another 72 h culture. 3T3-L1 cells are seeded in 96-well plates at a concentration of 10⁴/well. Twenty-four hours after seeding, the cells are treated with 100 μg/mL of 2,4,5-TMBA for 24 h or for the whole 8-day differentiation period. Fully differentiated adipocytes are also treated with 100 μg/mL of 2,4,5-TMBA for 24-72 h to test the cytotoxicity. At the end of treatment, cells are cultured with MTT at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL for another 4 h. The purple MTT formazan is dissolved by DMSO and the absorbance at 570 nm is taken with a spectrophotometer. The absorbance is proportional to the viability of adipocytes^[1].

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Wu MR, et al. 2,4,5-TMBA, a natural inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, suppresses adipogenesis and promotes lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Jul 25;60(29):7262-9.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Chen CC, et al. Production of a COX-2 inhibitor, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, with submerged cultured Antrodia camphorata. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2007 Apr;44(4):387-92.  [Content Brief]